![]() ![]() ![]() Persons with vision impairments successfully perform a wide range of jobs and can be dependable workers. Vision impairment can occur at any time in life, but adults aged 40 and older are at the greatest risk for eye diseases, such as cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, many individuals have monocular vision - perfect or nearly perfect vision in one eye, but little or no vision in the other. The most common causes of vision impairment in American adults are: diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. There are many possible causes for vision impairment, including damage to the eye and the failure of the brain to interpret messages from the eyes correctly. ![]() Although there are varying degrees of vision impairments, the visual problems an individual faces cannot be described simply by the numbers some people can see better than others with the same visual acuity. In the United States, the term "legally blind," means a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse with the best possible correction, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less. Blindness is described as a visual acuity worse than 20/400 with the best possible correction, or a visual field of 10 degrees or less. The CDC and the World Health Organization define low vision as a visual acuity between 20/70 and 20/400 with the best possible correction, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less. There are varying degrees of vision impairments, and the terms used to describe them are not always consistent. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define "vision impairment" to mean that a person's eyesight cannot be corrected to a "normal level." Vision impairment may result in a loss of visual acuity, where an individual does not see objects as clearly as the average person, and/or in a loss of visual field, meaning that an individual cannot see as wide an area as the average person without moving the eyes or turning the head. Only 36.8% of non-institutionalized working age adults (21-64) with a significant vision loss are employed. The 2011 National Health Interview Survey Preliminary Report estimated that 21.2 million American adults (over 10% of all American adults) reported that they had trouble seeing even when wearing corrective lenses or that they were blind or unable to see. and of these 1.3 million are considered legally blind. Another estimate concluded that there are 10 million blind or visually impaired people in the U.S. According to one estimate, approximately 6.6 million people in the United States are blind or visually impaired. One reason for the different estimates is that different terminology is used to assess the number of individuals with some degree of vision problems. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT VISION IMPAIRMENTSĮstimates vary as to the number of Americans who are blind and visually impaired. how an employer can ensure that no employee is harassed because of a visual disability or any other disability.how an employer should handle safety concerns about applicants and employees with visual disabilities and.what types of reasonable accommodations employees with visual disabilities may need.when an employer may ask an applicant or employee questions about his vision impairment and how it should treat voluntary disclosures.This document, which is one of a series of question-and-answer documents addressing particular disabilities in the workplace, explains how the ADA applies to job applicants and employees with vision impairments. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces the employment provisions of the ADA. Some of these state laws may apply to smaller employers and may provide protections in addition to those available under the ADA. In addition, most states have their own laws prohibiting employment discrimination on the basis of disability. Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act provides similar protections related to federal employment. Title I of the ADA covers employment by private employers with 15 or more employees as well as state and local government employers. Individuals with disabilities include those who have impairments that substantially limit a major life activity, have a record (or history) of a substantially limiting impairment, or are regarded as having a disability. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was amended by the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 ("Amendments Act" or "ADAAA"), is a federal law that prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. ![]()
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